Basement works:

1.侧墙、底板板面渗水

1. side wall and bottom board surface seepage

原因：

Reason：

(1)混凝土施工质量差，存在微孔渗透；

(1) the quality of concrete construction is poor, and there is micropore penetration;

(2)防水涂层粘结不牢或损坏。

(2) waterproof coating can not be firmly fastened or damaged.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)将渗水部位清理干净，用水泥基防水涂料作堵渗处理。

(1) clean the water seepage area, and use cement based waterproof coating as the seepage treatment.

(2)将渗水部位清理干净后，用水乳型氯丁橡胶沥青防水涂料等配合纤维增强材料作堵渗处理。

(2) after the water seepage part is cleaned, the water soluble chloroprene rubber asphalt waterproof coating and other fiber reinforced materials are used as the plugging and seepage treatment.

2.地下室大面积严重漏水

2. large leakage of basement

原因：

Reason：

(1)混凝土配合比及施工质量不良，存在灌通的孔洞；

(1) the concrete mix ratio and construction quality are bad, and there is a hole through the grouting;

(2)由于各种原因使地下室出现裂缝；

(2) cracks occur in basement due to various reasons;

(3)防水涂层施工质量不好或防水涂层延伸性不够，而造成防水层拉裂。

(3) the construction quality of waterproof coating is not good or the extension of waterproof coating is not enough, which causes the waterproof layer to crack.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

除可采用壁内和壁后注浆，防水混凝土贴壁衬砌、水泥砂浆，挂网水泥砂浆抹面等方法外，也可采用防水涂料，先引流排水，然后填缝堵洞，杜绝渗漏。

In addition the wall and wall grouting, waterproof concrete wall lining, cement mortar, cement mortar precausions hanging net method, can also be used to waterproof coating, drainage, and caulking plugging hole, to avoid leakage.

3.变形缝、施工缝和新旧结构接头处渗漏

3. deformation joint, construction joint and leakage of joint of old and new structure

原因：

Reason：

(1)混凝土质量不良，收缩过大，出现裂缝；

(1) the quality of concrete is poor, shrinkage is too large, cracks appear;

(2)这些部位的细部防水处理方法欠妥善，如止水带安放位置不当，混凝土灌捣不够严实，嵌缝膏填塞不严等；

(2) detailed waterproof processing method of these parts of the deficiencies such as water stop improper placement, concrete vibrating tight enough, sealant packing is not strict etc.;

(3)密封材料及防水涂层延伸率不够，而被拉裂或脱离粘结面等。

(3) the elongation of sealing material and waterproof coating is not enough, but it is pulled or pulled off the bonding surface.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)在漏水部位嵌填，粘贴或注入柔性或弹性防水材料；

(1) filling, pasting or injecting flexible or elastic waterproof material in the leaking part;

(2)在表面用弹性防水涂料(如聚氨酯防水涂料等)和纤维材料做增强防水层。

(2) strengthen the waterproof layer on the surface with elastic waterproof coating (such as polyurethane waterproof coating, etc.) and fiber material.

4.穿墙管和预埋管处渗漏水

4. leakage water through wall pipe and pre buried pipe

原因：

Reason：

(1)管子或套管安装不严密，周围出现裂缝和缝隙；

(1) the installation of pipe or casing is not tight, cracks and cracks appear around it;

(2)细部处理方法欠妥，管外壁及混凝土预留孔壁之间的密封材料填塞不严，外侧防水涂料加强层粘结不良等；

(2) the details are not handled properly. The sealing material between the outer wall of the pipe and the reserved hole wall of the concrete is not packed tightly, and the outer waterproof coating is not bonded properly;

(3)密封材料及防水涂层因延伸率不够，而被拉裂，或脱离粘结面。

(3) the sealing material and waterproof coating are cracked or separated from the bonding surface due to the lack of elongation.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)清理管外侧空间的嵌填密封材料或注浆，严密堵塞；

(1) the sealing material or grouting of the outer space of the cleaning pipe is tightly blocked;

(2)管与地下室壁面连接根部用弹性防水涂料配合纤维材料做增强防水层。

(2) the connection between the pipe and the basement wall is made of elastic waterproof coating and fiber material to strengthen the waterproof layer.

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二、楼层及厕浴、厨房间 ：

Two, floor and toilet bath, kitchen room:

1.板面及墙面渗水

1. surface and wall seepage

原因：

Reason：

(1)混凝土、砂浆施工质量不良，存在微孔渗透；

(1) the construction quality of concrete and mortar is poor, and there is micropore penetration;

(2)板面、隔墙出现轻微裂缝：

(2) slight cracks appear on the panel and partition wall:

(3)防水涂层施工质量不好或损坏。

(3) waterproof coating construction quality is not good or damaged.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)拆除饰面材料，暴露渗水部位，涂刷防水涂料。除聚氨酯防水涂料外，通常都要求配合纤维材料进行修补。

(1) remove the finish material, expose the water seepage area, and paint waterproof coating. In addition to polyurethane waterproof coating, it is usually required to repair with fiber material.

(2)如有开裂现象，则应对裂缝进行增强防水处理；贴缝法：对微小的发丝裂缝，可刷防水涂料并加贴纤维材料或布条，作防水处理；填缝法：若较明显的裂缝，要进行扩缝处理，将缝扩展成15 ×15mm左右的V型槽，在清理干净后，刮填防水涂料或嵌缝材料；填缝加贴缝：除采用填缝法处理外，在缝表面再涂刷防水涂料，并粘贴纤维材料处理。亦可不拆除饰面，直接在其表面刮涂透明或彩色聚氨酯防水涂料。

(2) if there are cracks, cracks should strengthen waterproof treatment; mount joint method: tiny hair crack, can brush waterproof paint and add fiber material or cloth, waterproof treatment; filling method: if the crack is obvious, to enlarge the joint treatment, will be extended to V type groove joint about 15 * 15mm, in clean, scraping fill waterproof coating or caulking material; filling affixed by caulking seams: in addition to treatment, the joint surface waterproof coating is coated, and paste fiber material processing. It can also be applied to the surface of the carpet, and the transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating is directly applied on the surface.

2.预制楼板接缝部位漏水

2. prefabricated floor joint leakage

原因：

Reason：

(1)楼板间接缝的细石混凝土及水泥砂浆填塞不严；

(1) the thin stone concrete and cement mortar are not packed tightly between the floors;

(2)楼板位移、震动，使接缝部位产生裂缝；

(2) the displacement and vibration of the floor make cracks in the joints;

(3)板间弹性嵌缝材料被拉裂或脱离粘结面。

(3) board elastic caulking materials are ripped or from the bonding surface.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)拆除饰面材料，露出裂缝，采用上述板面及墙面渗水堵漏措施的填缝加贴缝方法进行处理；

(1) remove the decorative material, expose cracks, use the above surface and wall water leakage plugging measures to fill the seam with suture method;

(2)亦可不拆除饰面材料，直接在其表面刮涂透明或彩色聚氨酯防水涂料。

(2) it can also be applied to the surface of the decorative material, and the transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating is directly applied on the surface.

3.卫生洁具周围及穿楼板管、排水管口等部位渗漏

3. the leakage of the surrounding sanitary ware and the floor pipe, drainage pipe mouth and so on

原因：

Reason：

(1)细部处理方法欠妥，卫生洁具及管口周边填塞不严；

(1) the detail treatment method is defective, and the sanitary ware and the pipe mouth are not packed tightly;

(2)由于振动及砂浆、混凝土收缩等原因，出现裂缝；

(2) due to vibration and mortar, concrete shrinkage and other reasons, cracks occur;

(3)卫生洁具及管口周边未用弹性体材料处理，或施工时嵌缝材料及防水涂料粘结不牢；

(3) sanitary ware and pipe surrounding non elastomer materials for processing, or the construction of sealing materials and waterproof coating adhesive is not strong;

(4)嵌缝材料及防水涂层被拉裂或被拉离粘结面。

(4) sealing material and waterproof coating is crack or be pulled away from the bonding surface.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)将漏水部位彻底清理，刮填弹性嵌缝材料；

(1) the Water Leakage site completely cleaned up, scraping filled elastic sealing material;

(2)在渗漏部位涂刷防水涂料，并粘贴纤维材料增强。

(2) waterproof coating is applied to the leakage area, and the fiber material is reinforced.

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三、屋面工程 ：

Three, roofing engineering:

1.屋面板渗漏

1. roof panel leakage

原因：

Reason：

(1)预制或现浇钢筋混凝土板质量不良，有微孔渗透现象；

(1) the quality of precast or cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs is poor, and there is a phenomenon of micropore penetration;

(2)屋面板开裂；

(2) roof plate cracking;

(3)防水涂层粘结不良，起泡，损坏；

(3) bad adhesion, blistering and damage of waterproof coating;

(4)防水涂层延伸性不够好，随板面开裂而被拉裂，或防水涂层老化龟裂。

(4) the extension of waterproof coating is not good enough, it is cracked along with the surface cracking, or waterproof coating aging crack.

堵漏措施：

Plugging measures:

(1)局部清理已损坏的旧防水层表面，彻底清除所有杂物，尘灰。涂刷与旧防水层相同的防水涂料，或涂刷与旧防水层具有良好粘结力的同类防水涂料，并加贴纤维布增强。

(1) local cleaning of damaged old waterproof layer surface, thoroughly remove all debris, dust. Brushing the same waterproof coating as the old waterproof layer or brushing the same waterproof coating as the old waterproof layer, and adding fiber cloth to strengthen the waterproof coating.

(2)彻底铲除旧防水层，露出屋面结构层或找平层，按板面及墙面渗水堵漏措施的贴缝法，填缝或填缝加贴缝法，对裂缝进行封闭处理，并在一定范围的面积内，涂刷防水涂料并粘贴纤维纸布增强。

(2) to completely eradicate the old waterproof layer, exposed roof structure layer or leveling layer, according to the board and wall leakage plugging measures with sewing, filling or filling affixed sewing, closed treatment of cracks, and in a certain area, brushing waterproof paint and paste fiber reinforced paper.

2.预制屋面板间接缝处渗漏

Leakage between joints of 2. precast roof slabs

原因：

Reason：

(1)钢筋混凝土轻型屋盖的盖瓦安装不良，搭接不当；空心板、大型屋面板等的板缝间细石混凝土及砂浆填塞不严密；

(1) reinforced concrete light roof tiling poor installation lap improper; hollow board, roof panel and the large gap between fine stone concrete and mortar packing is not tight;

(2)由于各种原因造成屋面板位移，出现裂缝；

(2) due to various reasons, the roof plate displacement and cracks occur;