住宅屋面用防水材料怎么选？

How to choose the waterproof material for the house roof?

屋面防水做得好与坏，除了会直接影响住户正常的生活和居住的舒适性外，还会影响建筑物的使用寿命。防水材料的选择对防水层质量和耐用年限有极大的影响，正确选择、合理使用防水材料是住宅屋面防水成败的关键因素之一。住宅屋面应该选用什么防水材料呢，一起来看看吧！

In addition to directly affecting the comfort of residents' normal life and residence, roofing waterproofing will also affect the service life of buildings. The selection of waterproof material has a great influence on the quality and durability of the waterproof layer. The correct selection and rational use of waterproof material is one of the key factors for the success or failure of the housing roof. What waterproof materials should be chosen for residential roofs? Let's take a look together.

目前常用于住宅屋面的防水材料有以下几类：

At present, waterproofing materials commonly used for residential roofs are as follows:

1）防水卷材，包括改性沥青类和高分子类；

1) waterproofing membrane, including modified asphalt and polymer.

2）防水涂料，如聚氨酯防水涂料、水乳型沥青防水涂料等；

2) waterproof coating, such as polyurethane waterproof coating, water emulsion asphalt waterproof coating, etc.

3）瓦，如玻纤胎沥青瓦、烧结瓦和混凝土瓦等。

3) tiles, such as fiberglass tire asphalt tiles, sintered tiles and concrete tiles.

此外，为了更好地保证屋面防水效果，还会使用一些配套材料，如密封材料、高分子防水卷材胶粘剂和防水垫层等。

In addition, in order to better ensure the effect of roofing waterproof, some supporting materials, such as sealing material, polymer waterproof roll adhesive and waterproof cushion, will be used.

需要注意的是，住宅所处的地理环境不同、使用功能不同，其屋面选用的防水材料应有所区别。

It should be noted that the different geographical environment and function of residential buildings should be distinguished from the waterproof materials used for roofing.

1）应根据当地最高气温、最低气温、年温差、日温差条件等选择防水材料。在夏季温度高、冬天不太冷的地区，应选择耐热性能优异的防水材料（如APP改性沥青防水卷材），选购时可仔细查看材料的耐热性能指标；而在北方低温寒冷地区，应选用耐低温性能好的防水材料，可参考材料的低温柔性指标（如选择低温柔性可达-25℃的Ⅱ型SBS改性沥青防水卷材，其耐低温性能好）。

1) waterproofing materials should be selected according to local maximum temperature, minimum temperature, annual temperature difference and daily temperature difference. In the areas where the temperature is high in summer and the winter is not too cold in winter, the waterproof materials with excellent heat resistance (such as APP modified bitumen waterproof roll) are selected, and the heat resistance index of materials can be examined carefully when they are selected. In the North low temperature and cold areas, the waterproof material with good low temperature resistance should be selected, which can be used as reference to the low temperature flexibility index of the material. For example, the low temperature flexible -25 type SBS modified asphalt waterproofing membrane with low temperature flexibility can be selected.

2）一些允许人们上去看看夕阳、赏赏月的可上人屋面，通常会在防水层上贴铺地砖等，保护防水层，使防水层不直接暴露在外。这一类的屋面对防水材料耐紫外光老化的性能要求不高，可选用防水材料的范围较广，如改性沥青防水卷材、聚氯乙烯防水卷材和聚氨酯类防水涂料等。

2) some of the roofs that allow people to look at the setting sun and appreciate the moon, usually put a floor tile on the waterproof layer to protect the waterproof layer, so that the waterproof layer is not exposed directly. This kind of house is not high in resistance to ultraviolet aging of waterproof material, and the scope of waterproof material can be widely used, such as modified bitumen waterproof roll, PVC waterproof roll and polyurethane waterproof coating.

3）一些不允许上人的屋面，其防水材料是可以直接暴露在外的，防水层表面不需作保护层，这样可以降低成本。此时应选用耐紫外线、耐老化、耐候性好的防水材料，可选用粗矿物粒料或铝箔面的防水卷材。

3) some roofs whose roof is not allowed to be allowed to be exposed directly. The surface of the waterproof layer needs no protection layer, which can reduce the cost. At this time, waterproofing materials with good ultraviolet resistance, aging resistance and good weatherability should be selected, and waterproofing membrane with coarse mineral particles or aluminum foil can be used.

4）倘若打算在屋面上种植花草，则必须增加一层具备耐根穿刺性能的防水材料，以防止植物根系穿透、破坏屋面的防水层。耐根穿刺层应选择已通过园林科学研究院耐根穿刺性能测试的合格产品。

4) if you plan to plant flowers on the roofs, you must add a layer of waterproof material with root piercing performance to prevent the plant roots from penetrating and destroying the waterproof layer of the roofs. The root puncture layer should be selected qualified products that have passed the root puncture performance test of the Institute of landscape architecture.

5）住宅的屋面若是坡屋面，可以选择铺设防水性能较好的沥青瓦、块瓦、波形瓦，另外在瓦下面还需设置防水垫层，防水垫层表面应具有防滑性能或采取防滑措施，可选用沥青类防水垫层、高分子类防水垫层以及防水卷材和防水涂料。

5) if the roof of the house is a sloping roof, it is possible to choose the asphalt tile, tile and corrugated tile with better waterproof performance. In addition, the waterproof cushion should be set under the tile. The waterproof cushion should have anti slip property or anti slip measures, and the waterproof cushion, high molecular waterproof cushion and waterproof roll and waterproof material can be used. Water paint.